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Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Exercise: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of Literature
1 associate professor of health and exercise science at Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Three questions guided a literature review of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as applied to exercise to address the evidence for stage-matched interventions, the description of priority populations, and the identification of valid TTM measurement tools. One-hundred-and-fifty studies were reviewed. Results indicate preliminary support for the use of stage-matched exercise interventions. Most studies have focused on White, middle-class, female populations, limiting the generalizability of their findings. Valid and reliable measures exist for stage of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, and temptations to not exercise; however, more research is needed to refine these measures. Evidence for the construct validity of the TTM as applied to exercise is mixed. When designing and implementing TTM-based exercise interventions, practitioners and policy makers are encouraged to clearly define the term exercise, choose a valid and reliable staging tool, and employ all TTM constructs and not just stage membership. Key Words: transtheoretical model, stage of change, exercise, fitness
First published on July 13, 2006, doi:10.1177/1524839905278900 This article has been cited by other articles:
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